Tissues in Action

Which of the following is responsible for the longitudinal growth of a plant?

1. aApical meristem
2. bLateral meristem
3. cIntercalary meristem
4. dCork cambium

On average, bones make up about 12 – 15 per cent of the body weight of an adult. About how much would the bones of an adult weighing 60 kg weigh?

1. a0.72 kg to 0.9 kg
2. b7.2 kg to 9 kg
3. c24 kg to 30 kg
4. d12 kg to 15 kg

Sclerenchyma cells are hard and strong and form woody structures. What makes them so?

1. aThey are covered by a waxy layer of cutin
2. bTheir corners are unevenly thickened with pectin
3. cThey are living cells with thin walls and intercellular spaces
4. dTheir thick walls have lignin deposited in them

The xylem in plants is mainly responsible for:

1. aTransport of food from leaves to other parts
2. bStorage of starch
3. cTransport of water and minerals from roots to leaves
4. dPhotosynthesis

Phloem is composed of which four cell types?

1. aVessels, tracheids, fibres, parenchyma
2. bSieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, phloem parenchyma
3. cSieve cells, vessels, fibres, parenchyma
4. dSieve tubes, vessels, companion cells, fibres

Rahul can swing his arm in a full circle at the shoulder, but at the elbow he can only bend and straighten his forearm in one direction. Which pair of joints explains this?

1. aBall and socket joint at the shoulder; hinge joint at the elbow
2. bHinge joint at the shoulder; fixed joint at the elbow
3. cBall and socket joint at the shoulder; pivot joint at the elbow
4. dPivot joint at the shoulder; ball and socket joint at the elbow

Which of the following is an example of voluntary muscle?

1. aMuscles of the stomach wall
2. bMuscles of the iris of the eye
3. cSkeletal muscles of the limbs (striated)
4. dCardiac muscles

Which statement correctly compares cardiac muscle with skeletal muscle?

1. aCardiac fibres are unbranched, multinucleate and striated; skeletal fibres are branched with a single nucleus and faint striations
2. bCardiac muscle works under conscious control and tires quickly; skeletal muscle works automatically without fatigue
3. cCardiac fibres are spindle-shaped with a single nucleus and no striations; skeletal fibres are cylindrical and striated
4. dCardiac fibres are branched with a single nucleus and faint striations; skeletal fibres are unbranched, multinucleate and striated

Which connective tissue is described as 'fluid' and acts as a medium of transport?

1. aBone
2. bBlood
3. cCartilage
4. dTendon

Tendons connect _______ while ligaments connect _______:

1. aBone to bone; muscle to bone
2. bSkin to muscle; bone to muscle
3. cMuscle to bone; bone to bone
4. dCartilage to bone; bone to bone

Assertion (A): A multicellular organism can carry out complex life processes efficiently.

Reason (R): Its cells form different tissues specialised for different functions, which leads to division of labour.

1. aBoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
2. bBoth A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation for A
3. cA is true, but R is false
4. dA is false, but R is true

Assertion (A): The skull keeps the brain safe even when the body moves.

Reason (R): The skull is connected to the backbone through a pivot joint.

1. aBoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
2. bBoth A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation for A
3. cA is true, but R is false
4. dA is false, but R is true

Assertion (A): Specialised parenchyma helps aquatic plants to float.

Reason (R): Parenchyma consists of dead cells with thick walls.

1. aBoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
2. bBoth A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation for A
3. cA is true, but R is false
4. dA is false, but R is true

Assertion (A): Animal cells cannot change shape easily because they have a rigid cell wall.

Reason (R): The flexibility of animal cells helps make animal bodies suitable for locomotion.

1. aBoth A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
2. bBoth A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation for A
3. cA is true, but R is false
4. dA is false, but R is true

1. I. Meristematic cells are small with thin walls.
2. II. Meristematic cells continuously divide to add new cells.
3. III. Meristematic cells lack large vacuoles.

Which of the above statements about meristematic tissues is/are correct?

1. aI and II only
2. bII and III only
3. cI and III only
4. dI, II and III

1. I. I. The epidermis consists of a tightly packed, single layer of flat and rectangular cells.
2. II. II. The cuticle is a thick layer of dead cork cells formed by the cork cambium.
3. III. III. In roots, hair-like projections of the epidermal cells increase the surface area for absorbing water and minerals.

Which of the statements above about the epidermis of plants is/are correct?

1. aOnly I and III
2. bOnly I and II
3. cI, II and III
4. dOnly I

1. I. Xylem is composed of vessels, tracheids, xylem fibres and xylem parenchyma.
2. II. Xylem transports food (sugars) made in leaves.
3. III. Most cells of phloem are living, except phloem fibres.

Which of the above statements about plant transport tissues is/are correct?

1. aI and II
2. bII and III
3. cI and III
4. dI, II and III

1. I. I. Dendrites receive signals from other neurons.
2. II. II. The axon is a long fibre that carries messages from the cell and ends at axon terminals.
3. III. III. The cell body of a neuron has no nucleus.

Which of the statements above about a neuron is/are correct?

1. aOnly I and II
2. bOnly II and III
3. cOnly I and III
4. dI, II and III

Match each plant tissue with its function:

1. a(i)-S, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-P
2. b(i)-Q, (ii)-P, (iii)-R, (iv)-S
3. c(i)-P, (ii)-R, (iii)-Q, (iv)-S
4. d(i)-P, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-S

Match List I (function of an epithelial tissue) with List II (where it is found):

1. a(i)-Q, (ii)-R, (iii)-S, (iv)-P
2. b(i)-Q, (ii)-S, (iii)-R, (iv)-P
3. c(i)-S, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-P
4. d(i)-P, (ii)-S, (iii)-R, (iv)-Q

Match List I (tissue) with List II (where the chapter says it is found):

1. a(i)-R, (ii)-P, (iii)-S, (iv)-Q
2. b(i)-S, (ii)-R, (iii)-P, (iv)-Q
3. c(i)-R, (ii)-S, (iii)-P, (iv)-Q
4. d(i)-R, (ii)-S, (iii)-Q, (iv)-P

In a plant tissue culture lab, students grow single phloem cells from a carrot in a liquid nutrient medium containing simple sugars and hormones. The cells divide into a mass of unspecialised cells, which later forms roots, shoots and finally a complete plant. What does this show?

1. aSome mature plant cells can dedifferentiate, divide and redifferentiate into a whole plant
2. bOnly the meristematic cells at root and shoot tips can ever form a new plant
3. cPhloem cells can divide only to form more phloem cells, never other tissues
4. dMature plant cells lose the ability to divide forever once they differentiate

Why are leaf petioles able to bend without breaking when wind blows?

1. aThey are made of dead sclerenchyma
2. bThey contain collenchyma which provides flexible support
3. cThey contain xylem only
4. dThey have no support tissue

Sohan grows sugarcane from stem cuttings. Type A cuttings are taken from the middle of an internode and have no node; type B cuttings each contain a node. After a few weeks, only the type B cuttings sprout. What is the best explanation?

1. aType A cuttings had no xylem, so they could not take up any water
2. bType B cuttings had apical meristem at both of their cut ends
3. cType B cuttings had a thicker cuticle, which reduced their water loss
4. dType B cuttings had a node, near which intercalary meristem lets new shoots arise

Based on the passage, Riya's wound bled briefly and then a clot formed. Which component of blood helps in clotting at the site of an injury?

1. aRed blood cells
2. bPlatelets
3. cWhite blood cells
4. dPlasma

Based on the passage, the swelling around the wound is due to:

1. aAccumulation of fluid (plasma + WBC) — local inflammatory response
2. bExcess adipose tissue forming
3. cBone growth
4. dTendon stretching

Based on the passage, new skin grew under the scab to restore the outer covering of Riya's knee. Which tissue forms this covering, and what is its structure?

1. aNervous tissue, made of neurons that carry messages
2. bEpithelial tissue, a single layer of thin, flat cells
3. cMuscular tissue, which contracts to move the knee
4. dEpithelial tissue, many layers of cells with the outer cells flat and tightly packed

Based on the passage, red blood oozed from Riya's cut before it clotted. Which statement about this blood is correct?

1. aIron-rich WBCs give it its red colour; WBCs live for about 4 months and are then replaced
2. bHaemoglobin in the plasma gives it its red colour; plasma is about 45 per cent of blood volume
3. cHaemoglobin, an iron-rich protein in RBCs, gives it its red colour; RBCs live for about 4 months
4. dHaemoglobin in RBCs gives it its red colour; RBCs live for the whole life of a person

Bone matrix is rich in:

1. aCellulose
2. bCalcium and phosphorus salts deposited in collagen fibres
3. cLignin
4. dChitin

Cartilage differs from bone in that cartilage:

1. aHas hard mineralized matrix
2. bContains bone marrow
3. cHas a flexible matrix without mineralization, hence is bendable
4. dIs hardest tissue in body